Profile of Lisbon
Lisbon is probably the most romantic city in Europe. Other cities are definitely beautiful or graceful, but
Lisbon has something special, something impossible to articulate in words. It's melancholic and optimistic,
traditional and trendy, frayed and elegant simultaneously. The city is full of stunning Moorish tilework,
medieval cobblestoned streets leading up to a wonderful castle, exquisite 18th century palaces (some in
perfect condition, others weathered), and San Francisco-like cable cars climbing up the tree-lined streets.
Although the legend is that Ulysses first founded Lisbon, it was the Phoenicians who historians concur first
settled here, 3,000 years ago. Being explorers and colonizers, they were attracted by the huge natural
harbor and the strategic hill of São Jorge (where the castle is). Greeks followed and next came the warring
Carthaginians. Lisbon became part of the Roman Empire in 205 BC, for the next 300 years. Julius Casar made
the town the most important in Lusitania, and changed the name from "Olisipo" to "Felicitas Julia".
With the decay of the Roman Empire, northern tribes pushed their way in over time, untill they were
replaced by the Moors in 714.
The Moors are the group who left the most impact on Lisbon. They left their art and tilework techniques,
their garden design, and the practice of irrigation. They stayed in power in Lisbon for 400 years, calling
it "Lissabona", fighting off the Christians all the while. Lisbon fell to Dom Alfonso Henriques and his
band of Christian fighters in 1147 in a four-month battle called "The Siege of Lisbon". From then until the
great earthquake of 1755, Lisbon had a rich, glorious history including the discovery of a sea route to
India by Vasco de Gama, the colonizing of the "new world", and trade and exploration which brought great
riches to the Portuguese Empire. Very few pre-18th century buildings remain today, except for the castle and
remnants of the wonderful architectural style was introduced, called "Manueline" named after the monarch Dom
Manuel I. It is impossible to highlight every last tourist attraction in the city here, so we have chosen
some of our favorites:
Gastronomy and Wine
Apart from the ubiquitous seafood and fish dishes, including grilled sardines
("sardinhas grelhadas"), salt codish ("bacalhau"), and tuna steaks ("bife de atum"), the "Lisboetas"
also like their meat. You will frequently see dishes like "cozido à portuguesa" (boiled meats and
sausages with vegetables), and "carne de porco à Alentejana" (pork cubes served with clams from the
wine region of Alentejo, just east of Lisbon). "Frango Assado" is also a specialty, and there is a
great restaurant called Bonjardim in the Baixa district, calling itself the "Rei dos Frangos" ("King of
Chickens"), where lovely roast chicken is served with homemade french fry wedges and salad. The closest
wine regions to Lisbon include the Alentejo (to the east, Estremadura (region making better and better
wines, top winery being Alba da Serra), and the Setúbal Peninsula (southeast of Lisbon, encompassing
the wines of Bucelas, Colares and Carcavelos). The most traditional wine from Setúbal is the sweet
Moscatel de Setúbal, quoted by wine expert Hugh Johnson as "rudely robust". It has certainly fallen
out of favor since its heyday as the darling wine of the Portuguese nobility. The wine region of
Alentejo, however, is swiftly gaining new room in the market thanks to serious investment, modern
technology, and a wave of inspired and trained winemakers. Perhaps our favorite winery though, is the
oldest winery in the area, Herdade de Esporão, a gorgeous estate with over 700 years of history.
Esporão is one of the Portuguese leaders in wine tourism and has set up facilities like an atmospheric
restaurant and organized wine tours of the estate. Cellar Tours can organize private VIP tours of the
Alentejo wine region for individuals and groups, taking in historic small hotels, wine tours, cooking
classes and more.
Highlights
Solar do Vinho do Porto- Great Wine Bar
This is one of our favorite wine bars, located in a classy, 18th-century mansion where you can taste
hundreds of ports by the glass. You can also buy bottles of whatever you like. It's on the street, Rua de
São Pedro de Alcântara 45.
Castelo de São Jorge (St. George's Castle)
The majestic, medieval Castle of St George lays perched on the highest of Lisbon's seven hills. The castle's
location was occupied by Romans, Visigoths and Moors and was the royal residence until the late 1400's.
The well-preserved walls were built by the Moors. At the top, you can wander around the ramparts, towers and
gardens of the fortress, and take in the incredible views of the Tagus river. It looks over the Baixa
district and the Mouraria (the Moorish Quarter). The most atmospheric way to get up to the castle is on
the legendary Tram 28, a tourist attraction in itself. Lisbon is full of vintage, yellow trams dating from
the early 1900's.
The Alfama- Medieval, working class Neighborhood
Alfama is one of the only parts of Lisbon to escape damage during the terrible earthquake in 1755. It is
delightfully picturesque with narrow winding streets and flowers spilling over balconies, you feel like you
have stepped back in time. Around every corner, you can find wonderful sights in this charming area of
Lisbon, reminding you of its Arabic influence and fishing port heritage.
Barrio Alto, Bohemian Chic Neighborhood
We love this quarter, full of Fado bars, trendy restaurants and bars, and steep cobblestoned streets. It's a
brilliant place to go for s stroll and a cocktail, taking in the ambience. The area used to be quite
rundown, but in the last decade has emerged as an artsy haven, like New York's Soho did in the 80's. Apart
from art galleries and stylish eateries, there are plenty of atmospheric, inexpensive tascas, traditional
"taverns"
Museo Nacional do Azulejo
Fabulous place if you love Portuguese tilework, this sweet museum is laid out around the cloisters of a
16th-century convent. You can see tiles dating to the 1400s, and a wonderful 120ft-wide, blue-and-white
panorama of Lisbon in the 18th century.
Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, Belém
This 16th century beautiful monastery is one of the few surviving examples of medieval, Manueline
architecture and is listed (along with the Torre de Belém) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is also the
resting place of Vasco da Gama and Portugal's most famous writer, Luís de Camões. This magnificent monastery
was built by King Dom Manuel in 1502. It was built to signify Portuguese importance as a world power at the
time and more specifically to celebrate Vasco da Gama's discovery of a sea route to India and the Spice
Islands. It is the most impressive expression of the wealth that Portugal acquired from discoveries and
conquests in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Torre de Belém (Belém Tower)
This lovely tower (which looks more like a miniature castle) is positioned next to the bank of the Tagus
river. It was built in 1515 as both a monument to Portuguese maritime discoveries and, defensively, to
protect the mouth of the river Tagus. It is another excellent example of the Manueline style of
architecture, with fanciful naval themes.
Fado: Portuguese Music Traditional
If you come to Lisbon, you must see a Fado show. Coined Portugal's answer to the blues, Fado is soulful,
tragic, beautiful, hopeful, all at once. Accompanied by the mandolin-like guitarra, the singing is intense
and incredible to witness. Lisbon has many venues, mostly in the Bairro Alto and Alfama. "Parreirinha de
Alfama" in the Alfama, is small, intimate and friendly, with good food. "Adega do Machado", in the Bairro
Alto, is fancier, founded in 1931, and has entertained prime ministers and presidents.
More Information:
If you would like Cellar Tours to customize a Wine Tour in Portugal or Luxury Day Excursion in Portugal, for individuals or groups, contact us on: info@cellartours.com
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